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An  enumeration  defines a common type for a group of related values and enables you to work with those values in a type-safe way within your code. If you are familiar with C, you will know that C enumerations assign related names to a set of integer values. Enumerations in Swift are much more flexible, and do not have to provide a value for each case of the enumeration. If a value (known as a “raw” value)  is  provided for each enumeration case, the value can be a string, a character, or a value of any integer or floating-point type. Enumeration Syntax You introduce enumerations with the  enum  keyword and place their entire definition within a pair of braces: enum SomeEnumeration { // enumeration definition goes here } Here’s an example for the four main points of a compass: enum CompassPoint { case north case south case east case west } The values defined in an enumeration (such as  no...

Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.  Machine learning focuses on the development of computer programs  that can access data and use it learn for themselves. The process of learning begins with observations or data, such as examples, direct experience, or instruction, in order to look for patterns in data and make better decisions in the future based on the examples that we provide.  The primary aim is to allow the computers learn automatically  without human intervention or assistance and adjust actions accordingly. Some machine learning methods: 1.  Supervised machine learning algorithms 2.  Semi-supervised machine learning algorithms 3.  Reinforcement machine learning algorithms Machine learning enables analysis of massive quantities of data. While it generally delivers faster, mo...

Apple Wallet  (referred to as simply  Wallet ) is an application in  Apple 's iOS (previously known as Passbook  in iOS 6 to iOS 8) that allows users to store coupons, boarding passes, event tickets, store cards and, starting with iOS 8.1, credit cards, loyalty cards, and debit cards via  Apple  Pay. With Wallet, you can keep your credit, debit, and prepaid cards, store cards, boarding passes, movie tickets, coupons, rewards cards, and more in one place. Add passes: You can add passes to Wallet in several ways: Using Wallet-enabled apps With Mail or Messages Through a web browser Scanning a barcode Sharing through AirDrop From your Mac Tapping a Wallet notification that you got after paying with Apple Pay at a supported merchant   Use your passes Some passes automatically appear at the right time or place because they include information based on time or location. For example, when you arrive at the airport, you...

An Objective-C class defines an object that combines data with related behavior. Sometimes, it makes sense just to represent a single task or unit of behavior, rather than a collection of methods. Blocks are a language-level feature added to C, Objective-C and C++, which allow you to create distinct segments of code that can be passed around to methods or functions as if they were values. Blocks are Objective-C objects, which means they can be added to collections like  NSArray  or  NSDictionary . They also have the ability to capture values from the enclosing scope, making them similar to  closures  or  lambdas  in other programming languages. This chapter explains the syntax to declare and refer to blocks, and shows how to use blocks to simplify common tasks such as collection enumeration. For further information, see  Blocks Programming Topics . Here is the apple reference:  https://developer.apple.com/library/content/docu...